Describe immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and discuss recent advances towards development of a safe protective vaccine against HIV.

Safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus vaccinums offer the well-nigh hope of lemniscus the spread of human immunodeficiency virus malady world(a). Although human immunodeficiency virus transmission is in theory more often than not preventable, in practice, without the culture of an effective vaccine, human immunodeficiency virus bequeath continue to infect millions throughout the world. The ideal vaccine for worldwide use will be inexpensive to manufacture, leave coffin nail nourishion against all subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus, require minimal if any boost, cherish against all methods of spread of human immunodeficiency virus for years, and be easily administered, large-suffering to heat, and widely accessible (Merigan et al., 1999). An understanding of the molecular and immunological mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus patho genesis is necessary in the development of a prospered human immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Both humoral and cell-med iated immune responses specific for human immunodeficiency virus gene products have been identified. This essay describes immune responses to HIV and recent advances towards the development of a safe protective vaccine against HIV. HIV is a constituent of the lentivirus family of animal retroviruses which argon capable of long term latent infection of cells and short term cytopathic make (Abbas et al., 2003). A HIV virion contains two identical strands of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and associated enzymes, including rear(a) transcriptase, integrase, and protease, packaged deep down a core represent of p24 capsid protein with a adjoin p17 protein matrix, all surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer windbag derived from the swarm cell (Abbas et al., 2003). Virally encoded membrane proteins (gp41 and gp120) are bound to the envelope. Interaction of an HIV surface glycoprotein (gp 120) with CD4 is necessary that not sufficient for entryway (Letvin, 2002). Two major types of HIV have been identified as HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV Inf! ection begins when the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of a viral particle binds to twain CD4 and a coreceptor that is a member of the chemokine receptor family (Abbas et al., If you want to take out a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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